The Role of International Organizations in a Global Economy Trade and Development IOs from the Perspective of Global Businesses(WTO, WIPO, UNCTAD, ITC, UNDP, World Bank)HRIGeneva Seminar13-14 December 2010

Trade and Development ClusterWTO – established 1995, based in GenevaUNCTAD – established 1960, based in GenevaITC – established 1995, based in GenevaWIPO – established 1970, based in GenevaWorld Bank – established 1944, based in Washington, DCUNDP – established 1950s, based in NYC

WTO Governance153 members – consensus decision-makingMinisterial Conference (every two years)General Council –Trade Policy Review BodyDispute Settlement BodySpecialized subsidiary councils, committees and sub-committeesSecretariat: 637 staff, CHF 194 million 2010

Doha Round ChallengesAgricultural tariffs, export subsidies and domestic subsidiesNon-agricultural market access (NAMA)Services – «requests and offers »Trade facilitationDevelopment, environment, dispute settlement, intellectual property rights and rules

Relations with NGOs and the Private SectorProtests in Seattle in 1999Doha Development Agenda endorsed 2001Transformation of negotiating dynamics in Cancun 2003Hong Kong Ministerial and major effort to accommodate NGOs 2005Lapse in Ministerials until Geneva in 2009Public Policy Forums

WTO ReportsAnnual World Trade Report2010 focus on natural resources2011 focus on preferential trade agreementsInternational Trade StatisticsTrade Profiles 2010Joint reports with ILO, UNEP, UNCTAD and OECD

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)Established in 1970, currently 184 Member StatesGeneral Assembly meets annually Along with Assemblies of certain unions of WIPO-administered treatiesCoordination Committee in the interimBudget of CHF 618.8 million 2010-201190% from registration system services

WIPO MissionTo develop a balanced and accessible international IP system toReward creativityStimulate innovationContribute to economic development Safeguard the public interest

WIPO ServicesPatentsTrademarksIndustrial designsCopyrightTraditional knwoledgeIP for developmentVisionEconomics

WIPO 2010 Strategic RealignmentA balanced evolution of the international normative framework Provision of premier global IP servicesFacilitating the use of IP for developmentCoordination and development of global IP infrastructureWorld reference source for IP information and analysisInternational cooperation on building respect for IPAddressing IP in relation to global policy issuesA responsive communications interface between WIPO, its Member States and all stakeholdersAn efficient administrative and financial support structure to enable WIPO to deliver its programs

WIPO Relations with NGOsSeparate consultative status271 NGOs with official observer status

UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)Subsidiary body of UNGA – 193 Member StatesSecretary-General elected by UNGA – 4 year terms (most recently Supachai Panitchpakdi serving his second four-year term as of 2009)Budget of $50 million plus $25 million extra-budgetary technical assistance fundsGovernance by quadrennial conferences Most recently UNCTAD XII 2008, in Accra, GhanaTrade and Development Board -155 Member StatesTwo commissions to meet annuallyTrade and Development CommissionInvestment, Enterprise and Development Commission

UNCTAD PrioritiesConsensus building on trade and development policies for developing countries in an inter-governmental forum Research, policy analysis and data collectionTechnical assistance – working with private sector, including trade and industry associations, research institutions and universities

UNCTAD AchievementsGeneralized system of preferences (GSP)Definition of Least Developed CountriesInternational commodities agreementsTrade and competition policy

UNCTAD Flagship Reports and ForumsWorld Investment Report and forumThematic focus – climate change in 2010Second World Investment Forum in ShanghaiTrade and Development ReportTechnology and Innovation ReportTrade and Environment ReviewRecent visibility with OECD-UNCTAD Reports on G20 Trade and Investment Measures

UNCTAD NGOs Separate procedure for consultative statusOnly 200 NGOs officially registeredICC, IFPMA, IOE, and specialized associations (cocoa and other commodities, fertilizer, SMEs, hotel and tourism)Many commodities associations are inter-governmentalCotton, copper, grains, lead and zinc, jute, olive oil, rubber, sugar, tea, petroleum, etc)

UNCTAD Global Commodities Forum31 January-1 February 2011, GenevaForum addressing hydrocarbons, metals and foodsPrivate sector issuesCommodity supply chainsState of business practices and innovations

International Trade Centre(Intracen)Budget of $45 million in 2009 50% from UNGA through UNCTAD50% from WTO through General CouncilExtrabudgetary funds Global Trust FundJoint Integrated Technical Assistance ProgrammeIntegrated Framework Steering GroupBilateral agreements with donors

ITC MandateExport trade facilitation for small and medium sized businesses in developing countriesDiversity in supply chains provides an opportunity for persuading global businesses to develop supply chains together with SMEs, Driven in part by social responsibility But mostly looking at SMEs as genuine sources for added value.

Implementing the ITC Mandate Start with identifying the demand for products –a non-traditional way of supporting development Priority to models that can be replicated in lots of placesHelp with access to finance Promoting sustainabilityWorking also on trade facilitation framework and trade finance

UN Development ProgrammeEstablished in 1965 as a programme of the UNGAOn the ground in 166 countriesUNDP Residence Representatives Executive Board - 36 members elected for three-year terms by ECOSOC (except W. Europe and other States with internal rotation policy)Bureau with one President and four Vice PresidentsBudget - $828.3 million 2010-2011 biennium

UNDP PrioritiesDemocratic governancePoverty reduction and the MDGsCrisis prevention and recoveryEnvironment and energyHIV/AIDS

UNDP Partnership BureauPromoting Inclusive Market DevelopmentPolicy and institutional infrastructurePro-poor value chain integrationPro-poor goods and servicesEntrepreneurship developmentCorporate social responsibilityResearch on Growing Inclusive MarketsBusiness Call to Action

World Bank GroupWorld Bank Group entities include:IBRDInternational Development AssociationInternational Finance CorporationMultilateral Investment Guarantee AgencyInternational Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

World Bank GroupTogether, we provide low-interest loans, interest-free credits and grants to developing countries for a wide array of purposes that include investments in education, health, public administration, infrastructure, financial and private sector development, agriculture and environmental and natural resource management.The World Bank, established in 1944, is headquartered in Washington, D.C. We have more than 10,000 employees in more than 100 offices worldwide.

World Bank Group Board of Governors of the Bank and FundExecutive Board – now 25 (as of Nov 2010)Development Committee – 24 membersBudget of $1.777.5 billion in FY 2011IDA15 commitment authority of $43.6 billionIBRD at $44 billionGrowing portfolio of trust funds

World Bank Group PrioritiesThe poorest countriesPost-conflict and fragile statesMiddle-income countriesGlobal Public GoodsThe Arab World Knowledge and learning